on: If you know that someone does not keep shabbos do you need to judge them favorably when you see them be Michalel shabbos?
: Your question is important, well done for your sensitivity. To judge a person favorably is not only good leadership, but a commandment made from the Torah, as the Torah said in Parashat Kadoshim, בצדק תשפוט עמיתך (rightly judge your colleague). However, the chazal explained that this does not mean that we should work on ourselves and as if not to understand what we are seeing. Rather, the mitzvah fence varies according to the matter and according to the type of person we see failing in the offense. That if we saw a righteous person being held in kashrut who had committed an offense, we should sentence him and judge them favorably, who apparently had a justified constraint to commit this act, , even when it is far from probable, we should sentence him favorably. If he is a mediocre person, and we have seen that he has done ‘doubt something forbidden’ we must tip the doubt to the palm of a right that he certainly did not commit an offense. And if we see that he has certainly done something forbidden, we must hold him in doubt, that is, that it is doubtful whether he has violated a prohibition. But if he is a person who is held to have committed an offense, and does not try to avoid offenses at all, if we see that he has done something that is prohibited or doubtful, we are not required to sentence him and judge them favorably at all. Therefore, in response to your question, if the person you saw from machalel Shabbos is a secular person who does not keep the Shabbos, you are not obliged to judge them favorably. However, if he is a mediocre, for example, traditional person who tries to avoid desecrating the Sabbath, you should sentence him to the right and hold him in doubt and not decide that he must have committed desecration of the Shabbos. And if he is a righteous man who usually keeps the Shabbos, surely you should condemn and judge him favorably. And the Sages have already said that all those who judge other people favorably will be also be judged favorably by hashem. brachah and success Sources and reasoning
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